Recently it has been shown that the internal losses due to the natural absorption of metals at optical frequencies can be compensated by gain. The interaction of light with matter has triggered the interest of scientists for a long time. Active plasmonics and tuneable plasmonic metamaterials. To overcome this problem and compensate for losses it was proposed to incorporate an active medium into the material matrix 2326. Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in terahertz metamaterials j gu, r singh, x liu, x zhang, y ma, s zhang, sa maier, z tian, ak azad. The physical mechanisms underlying the chiral optical behavior of the nanoplasmonic single gyroid are identified and it is shown that the optical chirality in this metallic structure is primarily determined by structural chirality and the. It then considers the theory of loss compensation in the plasmonic metamaterials containing gain, and shows analytically that the full compensation or overcompensation of the optical loss in a dense resonant gain metamaterial leads to an instability that is resolved by its spasing. An undergraduate experiment demonstrating the physics of. One crucial roadblock in the path to devices is the fact that active optical metamaterials are so far controlled by light rather than electricity, preventing them from being integrated in larger. Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials support bright and dark modes that compete for gain. Boas, sava sakadzic, anna devor, and yeshaiahu fainman, efficient nondegenerate twophoton excitation for fluorescence microscopy opt. Control and dynamic competition of bright and dark lasing states in active nanoplasmonic metamaterials.
Here we demonstrate that dynamic plasmonic nanoparticles can be used as mechanical sensors to selectively probe the rheological properties of a. Plasmonic metamaterials form an exciting new class of engineered media that promise a range of important applications, such as subwavelength focusing, cloaking and slowingstopping of light. Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in. Using a maxwellbloch approach incorporating langevin noise we study the lasing dynamics in an active nano. He also leads the uk epsrc research program on active plasmonics. Optical metamaterials, in particular, are less compatible with active functionalities than their counterparts developed at lower frequencies. On introducing and expounding the underlying theoretical concepts of the complex interaction between plasmons and gain media, we examine the.
Hess, from losscompensation to amplification and lasing in active nanoplasmonic metamaterials, in frontiers in optics 2012laser science xxviii, osa technical digest online optical society of america, 2012, paper fth2a. Pdf nonlinear mode competition in a lasing nanoplasmonic. Nanoplasmonic systems are valued for their strong optical response and their small size. Boyd,2,3 eli yablonovitch,4,5 and xiang zhang1,4, 1nanoscale science and engineering center, university of california, berkeley, california 94720, usa 2department of physics and max planck centre for extreme and quantum photonics, university of. The random phase approximation in the long wavelength limit is used for analytical investigation of plasmons in three. Part of the problem is that optical metamaterials are often lossy 7. Nanoplasmonics is a young topic of research, which is part of nanophotonics and nanooptics. Shalaev school of electrical and computer engineering and birck nanotechnology center, purdue university, west lafayette, indiana 47907, usa. Nanoplasmonics concerns to the investigation of electron oscillations in metallic nanostructures and nanoparticles. Black plate 224,1 optical cloaking with metamaterials wenshan cai, uday k. In the first part, consisting of sections 2 nanoplasmonic metamaterials, 3 optical gain media in nanoplasmonics, fundamental physical concepts that underlie nanoplasmonic metamaterials and optical gain are discussed.
An undergraduate experiment demonstrating the physics of metamaterials with acoustic waves and soda cans. Pdf nanoplasmonics and its applied devices researchgate. Spaser, plasmonic amplification, and loss compensation. The immense potential of refractive index engineering in metamaterials can be further. For instance, surface plasmons have the unique capacity to confine light at the nanoscale. Pdf from losscompensation to amplification and lasing. Nanoplasmonic metamaterials are an exciting new class of engineered media that promise a range of important applications, such as subwavelength focusing, cloaking, and slowingstopping of light. Nanoplasmonics and threedimensional plasmonic metamaterials. Shalaev is recognized for his pioneering studies on linear and nonlinear optics of random nanophotonic composites that had helped to mold the research area of composite optical media. By fabricating such metamaterials, researchers have overcome fundamental limits tied to the wavelength of.
Spoof surface plasmon metamaterials on a wide range of geometries are discussed. Most of the existing and potential future applications of nanoplasmonics suffer from damping caused by metal absorption, however. Recent advances in metamaterials research and active plasmonics bring with them the prospect for next generation, lossfree optical metamaterial designs 1. Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials, pumped above lasing threshold, can exhibit dynamic competition between bright, radiative and dark, trapped modes of the structure. Exceptional points and spectral singularities in active epsilonnearzero plasmonic waveguides ying li and christos argyropoulos dept.
Our present discussion of the physics of gainenhanced active nanoplasmonic metamaterials is divided into two main parts. Naik,1 jongbum kim,1 and alexandra boltasseva1,2,3. He is a fellow of the institute of physics, the optical society of america, and spie. Control and dynamic competition of bright and dark lasing states in. Tsakmakidis, active nanoplasmonic metamaterials, nat. Since all known metamaterials contain metal elements, active molecules coupled to the metal elements. Metamaterials are tailormade photonic compositescombinations of materials designed to achieve optical properties not seen in nature. Although most of the signature effects associated with metamaterials 1,2 negative index, perfect absorption and cloaking have been successfully demonstrated at nearinfrared and visible wavelengths 3,4,5,6, there are still doubts about the exact potential of artificial optical media for real applications. The area of plasmonics emerges in this context through the interaction of light with valence electrons in metals.
Active plasmonics and tuneable plasmonic metamaterials wiley. Stefan maier, phd, is the codirector of the centre for plasmonics and metamaterials at imperial college london. Nanoplasmonic metamaterials are an exciting new class of engineered media that promise a range of important applications, such as subwavelength focusing, cloaking, and slowing stopping of light. Osa nonlinear mode competition in a lasing nanoplasmonic. For example, negative metamaterial properties, such as. On introducing and expounding the underlying theoretical concepts of the complex interaction between plasmons and gain media, we examine the experimental efforts in areas such as nanoplasmonic and metamaterial lasers. Exceptional points and spectral singularities in active. The marriage of nanoplasmonic metamaterials with quantum gain media represents an exciting frontier in nanophotonics and nanoscience, and is a precursor of active, intergrated quantum nanooptics.
Surface plasmons have optical properties, which are very interesting. Mechanism of the metallic metamaterials coupled to the. World scientific handbook of metamaterials and plasmonics world. Litchinitser, in fundamentals and applications of nanophotonics, 2016. Jan 31, 2019 metamaterials are rationally designed composites aiming at effective material parameters that go beyond those of the ingredient materials. Mechanism of the metallic metamaterials coupled to the gain. Pdf on jul 11, 2014, mahfuzur rahman and others published. He also contributed to the emergence of a new field of engineered, artificial materials optical metamaterials. An essential part of this development is the study of luminescence of. We study the spatiotemporal mode competition and explore methods of mode control. Control and dynamic competition of bright and dark lasing.
Soukoulis1,3 1department of physics and astronomy and ames laboratory, iowa state university, ames, iowa 50011, usa 2key laboratory of intelligent computing and signal processing, anhui university, hefei 230039, china. However, rendering these structures dynamic opens new possibilities for applications. Hence, contrary to quasistatic predictions for nanoplasmonic metamaterials, a window of amplification opens. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. Trapped rainbow storage of light in metamaterials nature 450, 397 2007 by tsakmakidis, boardman and hess.
We report that lasing of the bright negativeindex mode is possible if the higherq dark mode is discriminated. The spps are very important in nanoplasmonics and nanodevices, due to their subwavelength nature, that is, because their spatial scale is smaller than that of. This weakness is thought to constitute the prime impediment before many of the envisaged applications can succeed in practice. Here we demonstrate that dynamic plasmonic nanoparticles can be used as mechanical sensors to selectively probe the rheological properties of a fluid. The properties stem from the unique structure of the composites, with features smaller than the wavelength of light separated by subwavelength distances. Ortwin hess chair professor of quantum nanophotonics. We report that lasing of the bright negativeindex mode is possible if the higherq dark mode is discriminated by gain, spatially or spectrally. Bridging condensed matter theory and quantum optics he specialises in nanophotonics, plasmonics, metamaterials and semiconductor laser dynamics. Pdf control and dynamic competition of bright and dark. Large spontaneousemission enhancements in metallic nanostructures. He was the recipient of the 2010 sackler prize in the physical sciences and the. Soukoulis1,3 1department of physics and astronomy and ames laboratory, iowa state university, ames, iowa 50011, usa. It will illuminate recent advances in the wider photonic metamaterials field, such as to mention a few active metamaterials and metasurfaces, selforganized nanoplasmonic metamaterials, graphene metamaterials, metamaterials with negative or vanishing refractive index and topological metamaterials facilitating ultraslow broadband waves on the. At optical frequencies, using gain to overcome potentially not insignificant losses has recently emerged as a viable solution to ultralowloss operation that may lead to nextgeneration active.
From losscompensation to amplification and lasing in active. Optical cloaking with metamaterials purdue university. Nonlinear mode competition in a lasing nanoplasmonic metamaterial. Recent progress in the field of nanoplasmonics edited by stefan a maier imperial college. Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials article pdf available in nature materials 117. Mechanism of the metallic metamaterials coupled to the gain material zhixiang huang,1,2 sotiris droulias,3 thomas koschny,1 and costas m. Using a maxwellbloch approach incorporating langevin noise we study the lasing dynamics in an active nanofishnet structure. Beyond the regime of amplification, when gain exceeds both dissipative losses and radiative outcoupling, lasing instabilities occur. Large spontaneousemission enhancements in metallic. Spoof surface plasmon metamaterials by paloma arroyo huidobro. Most plasmonic sensors and systems to date have been rigid and passive. By defining and analysing an effective rate balance, radiative outcoupling is found to be nonnegligible. Metamaterials can be defined as artificially structured materials used to control and mold the flow of electromagnetic waves or possibly any other type of physical waves.
However, as of today, the suggested applications of metamaterials cannot be realized due to high joule losses. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. In the end, the active metamaterial provide a unique platform for independent manipulation of group and phase velocities of electromagnetic radiation in subdiffraction areas. Ortwin hess born 1966 is a germanborn theoretical physicist at imperial college london uk, working in condensed matter optics. Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in the optical range invited gururaj v. Using a maxwellbloch approach incorporating langevin noise we study.
Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in the. Optical metamaterials and nanoplasmonics offer extreme control and localization of light within volumes that can be smaller than a cubic light wavelength by more than three orders of magnitude, but they suffer from appreciable dissipative losses. Electrodynamic modeling of quantum dot luminescence in. Dynamics of amplification in a nanoplasmonic metamaterial. Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials nature materials. Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials nature materials 11, 573 584 2012 by hess et al. Spie 6638, photonic metamaterials, 66380q 28 september 2007. Active and tunable metamaterials purdue engineering. On the origin of chirality in nanoplasmonic gyroid. World scientific handbook of metamaterials and plasmonics. Design of metamaterials in the projects 62 magnonic metamaterial designs 62 design of nanostructured metamaterials in metachem 641 nanoclusters. Osa from losscompensation to amplification and lasing. Nanoplasmonics fundamentals and applications intechopen.
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